Our ancestor, Bhai Nandlal Ji, was a distinguished poet, scholar, and devotee of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. His life journey reflects an extraordinary blend of intellect, spiritual depth, and unwavering loyalty to the Sikh Gurus.
Early Life and Family Background
Bhai Nandlal Ji was born into an esteemed family of scholars. His father, Dewan Chhajju Mal, was a highly educated man proficient in Persian and Arabic. He served as a Munshi (chief secretary) in the court of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and was closely associated with Prince Dara Shikoh, known for his affinity towards scholars and intellectuals, especially those from non-Muslim backgrounds.
Chhajju Mal was deputed to Kandahar during the 1630 AD campaign and continued to serve there as a high-ranking official, managing revenue, administration, and military affairs until his passing in 1652. It was during his later years that Nandlal was born. His exact birthdate is unknown, but he received the finest Persian education, evident from his later literary works.
Initial Struggles and Migration to Hindustan
Despite belonging to a privileged family, Bhai Nandlal Ji faced hardships after the demise of his parents. At the age of 16, he lost his mother, and two years later, his father passed away. He sought to secure his father’s position but was unsuccessful due to changing political circumstances, particularly the fall of Dara Shikoh and the rise of Aurangzeb. Offered a lower post, which did not match his family’s status, Nandlal declined and decided to leave Ghazni.
Converting his familys wealth into liquid assets, he moved to Multan with his two Afghan attendants. There, his intellect and integrity earned him a position as a Munshi under Nawab Wassaf Khan, who had known his father. His skills in administration and finance led to his appointment as Mir Munshi (Finance Minister), and later, he became the military commander and governor of multiple districts, including Dina Kehrorh, Fatehpur, and Mohiuddinpur.
During his service in Multan, he demonstrated exceptional military acumen by suppressing the notorious robber Shahu, who led a force of 7,000 men. Bhai Nandlal Ji’s successful campaign against Shahu’s forces solidified his reputation as a capable leader. He remained in Multan for 30 years, serving under various rulers, including Prince Salim and Prince Muhammad Akbar.
Turning Point: Meeting Guru Gobind Singh Ji
Despite his high-ranking position, Bhai Nandlal Ji’s allegiance to Dara Shikoh led to his downfall when Aurangzeb ascended the throne. His services were terminated, and all attempts to regain his position failed. This period of exile led him to deeper spiritual introspection, during which he became engrossed in Sikh teachings.
Hearing about Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s wisdom and leadership, he longed to meet the Guru. Leaving his family with sufficient wealth, he traveled through Lahore and Amritsar before reaching Anandpur Sahib. His encounter with Guru Gobind Singh Ji transformed his life.
At Anandpur, Bhai Nandlal Ji realized the essence of divine presence, as reflected in his Persian couplet:
âe Chun za shehrag hast Shah nazdik tar, Chun ba sahra miravi ai be-khabarâ.
(The true Lord is closer than your own windpipe, yet you foolishly search for Him in the wilderness)
Under the Guru’s guidance, he abandoned worldly ambitions and devoted himself to Sikhism. His poetry took a devotional turn, expressing humility and complete surrender to Guru Gobind Singh Ji:
âe Lal sage gulam Guru Gobind Singh
(âecNandlal is the slave dog of Guru Gobind Singh.)
âecReza chine khan Guru Gobind Singh
(I eat the remains left by Guru Gobind Singh)
Despite Guru Ji’s offer to appoint him as a Dewan (minister), Bhai Nandlal Ji preferred to serve in the Langar (community kitchen), showcasing his humility.
Literary Contributions
Bhai Nandlal Ji became one of the most prominent poets of Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s court. His work was deeply influenced by Sikh philosophy, and his compositions are considered second only to Bhai Gurdas Ji’s in Sikh tradition.
His first book, Bandginama, was renamed Zindaginama by Guru Gobind Singh Ji, highlighting its spiritual essence. He also wrote:
• Ganjnama – Glorifying Guru Gobind Singh Ji
• Joti Bigas – Praising Guru Nanak Dev Ji
• Rahitnama – Describing Sikh discipline and way of life
• Tankahnama – A discourse on ethical conduct
His poetry is recited in Gurdwaras even today, making him one of the most revered Sikh poets.
Later Years and Final Journey
When Guru Gobind Singh Ji left Anandpur Sahib in December 1705 due to Mughal invasions, Bhai Nandlal Ji’s whereabouts became uncertain. After Aurangzeb’s death in 1707, his former employer, Prince Muazzam, became Emperor Bahadur Shah. Bhai Nandlal Ji rejoined his court and played a key role in securing Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s audience with the new emperor.
He witnessed the Guru’s final days in Nanded and continued to spread Sikh teachings afterward. His descendants live in various parts of India today, maintaining his legacy.
Conclusion
Bhai Nandlal Ji’s life was a journey of wisdom, service, and devotion. From being a high-ranking Mughal official to a devoted disciple of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, his transformation remains an inspiration. His contributions to Sikh literature and philosophy ensure that his name continues to be revered in Sikh history.